Software testing is a responsibility, not a routine work. You must look for ways to enhance the Software Under Test’s effectiveness and productivity (SUT). To stay ahead of the competition, you must continue to practice your expertise by reporting flaws before anyone else, detecting weaknesses in the criteria before the customer notices them, and identifying something unusual or different before others. You can still apply prior encounters, learning, and similar job experience to the actual project and come up with a fantastic result.

Software testing is a difficult task. You must employ ground-breaking tactics and continue to search for new ways to crack the software. You must stay up to date with the latest information and technology, and also provide more subjective feedback on a regular basis to improve the product.

The following acts are part of the testing procedure in this case:

1. The functional requirements are analyzed.

Requirement Analysis, also known as Requirement Engineering, is the method of determining user requirements for new or updated applications. The activities that go into deciding the requirements or criteria to fulfill for a new or changed product or project, taking into consideration the potentially conflicting requirements of different stakeholders, evaluating, recording, verifying, and handling software or device requirements are all included in requirements analysis. 

Functional Requirements analysis is a collaborative endeavour that necessitates a mix of hardware, software, and human factors technical experience, and also interpersonal skills. The following are the key practices in requirement anal

ysis:

• Determine the needs of the consumer.
• Assess the system’s feasibility.
• Conduct economic and technological research.
• Assign functions to system components.
• Establish a timetable and limitations.
• Make descriptions for the system.

Requirement Types

There are a number of different types of requirements that system engineers will have to develop on an acquisition program through its life-cycle. These requirements range from very high-level concept-focused to very specific for a part. The main types of requirements are:

• Business Requirements

A functional requirement is simply a task that must be accomplished to provide an operational capability. Some functional requirements that are associated with operations and support can be discerned from the needed operational capability. Experience in systems engineering has identified eight generic functions that most systems must complete over their life cycle: development, manufacturing, verification, deployment, training, operations, support, and disposal. Each must usually be considered to identify all the functional requirements for a system.

• Architecture and Design Requirements

These requirements are different than functional requirements. It determines the overall design to require the implementation of the business.

• Performance Requirements

A performance requirement is a statement of the extent to which a function must be executed, generally measured in terms such as quantity, accuracy, coverage, timeliness, or readiness. The performance requirements for the operational function and sometimes a few others often correlate well with the statement of the needed operational capability as developed by the system.

The statement of other performance requirements usually requires thorough systems engineering.

2. Forming feedback and queries (or test specifications) on the functional requirements

• Comments on the functional requirements

The Functional Requirements Specification specifies what the device must do, while the Design Specification specifies how it must do it. If a User Requirement Specification was written, the Functional Requirements Specification could cover all of the requirements specified in the User Requirement Specification. 

The Systems Analyst and Quality Assurance all need to sign the Functional Requirements Specification. It may be necessary to have key end-users, developers, or engineers sign and authorize the report as well if they were interested in its creation. The Functional Requirements specification document may be paired with either the user requirement analysis or the conceptual design, based on the size and complexity of the software.

3. The review of the updated functional requirements.

A Functional Requirement is a specification for a device or one of its components. Functional Requirements Document should contain Data handling logic and complete information about the workflows performed by the system. Functional specifications, in combination with requirement review, aid in the identification of requirements that aren’t being met. Various categories of functional requirements include business rules, certification requirements, reporting requirements, administrative functions, authorization levels, audit tracking, external interfaces, historical data management, and legal or regulatory requirements. In the functional requirement document, unnecessary extra details that might annoy developers should be avoided. 

4. The creation of a test script

Test scripts are a line-by-line list of all the activities that must be performed and tested on real user journeys. It lays out each move to be taken, along with the expected outcomes. The testers can then easily and thoroughly test each move on a variety of devices.Developing and managing test scripts are essential parts of the quality management lifecycle. Manual test scripts can be created with following fields: 

• Test case id
• Unit to test: What to be verified?
• Assumptions
• Test data: Variables and their values
• Steps to be executed
• Expected Result
• Actual result
• Pass/Fail
• Comments

 

Example of a Test script

For example, to check the login function on a website, your test script might do the following:

• Specify how the automation tool can locate the “Username” and “Password” fields in the login screen. Let us say, by their CSS element IDs.
• Load the website homepage, then click on the “login” link. Verify that the Login screen that appears and the “Username” and “Password” fields are visible.
• Next, type the username “Charles” and password “123456” identify the “Confirm” button and click it.
• They need to specify how a user can locate the title of the Welcome screen that appears after login- say, by its CSS element ID.
• Verify that the title of the Welcome screen is visible.
• Read the title of the welcome screen.
• Insert that the title text is “Welcome Charles”.
• If the title text is as per the expectation, a record that the test passed. Otherwise, an album that the test failed.

5. Examining the test script text.

A script usually has steps’ that attempt to fully explain how to use the programme — which buttons to press and in what order — to perform a specific action. These scripts often specify the expected outcomes for each move, such as observing a shift in the user interface. “Click the ‘X’ button,” for example, with “The window closes” as an example result. The test concept would be sufficiently protected to be considered ‘tested’ if the tester carefully follows the instructions — insert the string ‘abc,’ press the submit button, and double-check that the form was submitted and the value was saved. 

Before going all-in with comprehensive scripts, there are a few drawbacks to consider. Pages are updated, the user interface improves, and new functionality is introduced to active development projects on a regular basis. Testers must make a constant effort to change scripts to fit the new product in order to be successful over time. This can distract from testing time. Another drawback is that scripted experiments are often structured to test the same thing over and over again, using the same steps and data each time the test is run. This ensures that unless the tester deviates from the test plan, bugs that exist outside of the script’s instructions will go undetected. Scripted tests 

don’t often allow testers to use their imagination and technical skills to discover vulnerabilities that are concealed.

6.Create a test scenario 

As a tester, you can implement the following actions to create Test Scenarios:

• Step 1: Read the Requirement Documents like BRS, SRS, FRS, of the System Under Test (SUT).  You could also refer to use cases, books, manuals, etc. of the application to be tested.
• Step 2: For each requirement, figure out possible users actions and objectives. Determine the technical aspects of the requirement. Ascertain possible scenarios of system abuse and evaluate users with hacker’s mindset.
• Step 3: After reading the Requirements Document and doing your due Analysis, list out different test scenarios that verify each feature of the software.
• Step 4: Once you have listed all possible Test Scenarios, a Traceability Matrix  is created to verify that each & every requirement has a corresponding Test Scenario
• Step 5: The scenarios created are reviewed by your supervisor. Later, they are also reviewed by other Stakeholders in the project.

7. Analyze the outcomes of completed actions

Test case ensures that each and every functionality mentioned in the Software requirement specification is covered. Test cases should be effective and also follow the standards to write test cases.To success and completeness of any test cases every test case should be reviewed. 

Test Case can be analysed in three ways:

1. Self-review: It is done by the tester himself who has written the test cases. He can verify whether all the requirements are covered or not by looking into SRS/FRD.
2. Peer review: It is done by another tester who hasn’t written those test cases but is familiar with the system under test. Also known as Maker and Checker review.
3. Review by a supervisor: It is done by a team lead or manager who is superior to the tester who has written the test cases and has great knowledge about the requirements and system under test.

8. Documenting the outcomes of testing and performance

Test documentation is documentation of artefacts created prior to or during software testing. It assists the testing team in estimating testing effort, test coverage, resource tracking, execution progress, and so on. It is a comprehensive set of documents that enables you to describe and report test planning, test design, test execution, and test results derived from testing activities. 

Conclusion : 

Functional testing is one of the important testing processes as it verifies the functionality of a product which is the most required and indeed the important aspect of any product or application.

We hope that some of the techniques that we’ve suggested will come in handy for all the readers. Let us know your thoughts by sending us email Where the test conditions are generated directly from user/business requirements, functional testing is more successful. When test conditions are generated from system documentation (system requirements/design documents), defects in that documentation can go undetected during testing, resulting in end-user rage when the programme is eventually used.